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2400
result(s)
The Role of Time-Varying Price Elasticities in Accounting for Volatility Changes in the Crude Oil Market
Staff Working Paper 2011-28
Christiane Baumeister,
Gert Peersman
There has been a systematic increase in the volatility of the real price of crude oil since 1986, followed by a decline in the volatility of oil production since the early 1990s. We explore reasons for this evolution. We show that a likely explanation of this empirical fact is that both the short-run price elasticities of oil demand and of oil supply have declined considerably since the second half of the 1980s.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Econometric and statistical methods,
International topics
JEL Code(s):
E,
E3,
E31,
E32,
Q,
Q4,
Q43
Portfolio Considerations in Differentiated Product Purchases: An Application to the Japanese Automobile Market
Staff Working Paper 2011-27
Naoki Wakamori
Consumers often purchase more than one differentiated product, assembling a portfolio, which might potentially affect substitution patterns of demand and, as a consequence, oligopolistic firms’ pricing strategies.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Economic models,
Market structure and pricing
JEL Code(s):
D,
D4,
L,
L5,
Q,
Q5
Security Transaction Taxes and Market Quality
Staff Working Paper 2011-26
Anna Pomeranets,
Daniel G. Weaver
We examine nine changes in the New York State Security Transaction Taxes (STT) between 1932 and 1981. We find that imposing or increasing an STT results in wider bidask spreads, lower volume, and increased price impact of trades.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Econometric and statistical methods,
Financial markets,
Market structure and pricing
JEL Code(s):
C,
C4,
C43,
G,
G1,
G10,
G12
November 17, 2011
The International Monetary System: An Assessment and Avenue for Reform
The current international monetary system is in need of reform. This article first provides an assessment of the existing system, highlighting both its strengths and weaknesses. It notes that the system has not facilitated the symmetric and timely adjustment in the real exchange rate necessary to accommodate the integration of China and other emerging-market economies into the global economy. This lack of adjustment contributed to the global financial crisis and recession and, because it is forestalling the required rotation of global demand, is hindering the global recovery. The article then discusses reform of the system that would see all systemically important countries and currency areas adopt market-based and convertible floating exchange rates supported by appropriate monetary, fiscal and financial sector policy frameworks. It also examines the roles of the G-20 countries and major international financial institutions in promoting and facilitating the system’s transition.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Exchange rate regimes,
International topics
What Matters in Determining Capital Surcharges for Systemically Important Financial Institutions?
Staff Discussion Paper 2011-9
Céline Gauthier,
Toni Gravelle,
Xuezhi Liu,
Moez Souissi
One way of internalizing the externalities that each individual bank imposes on the rest of the financial system is to impose capital surcharges on them in line with their systemic importance.
November 17, 2011
Liquidity Provision and Collateral Haircuts in Payments Systems
Central banks play a pivotal role in well-functioning payments systems by providing liquidity via collateralized lending. This article discusses the role of collateral and haircut policy in central bank lending, as well as the distinguishing features of the central bank’s policy relative to private sector practices. It presents a model that explicitly incorporates the unique role of central banks in the payments system and argues that central banks must consider how their haircut policies affect the relative price and liquidity of assets, the market’s asset allocation, and the likelihood of participants to default. Furthermore, under extraordinary circumstances, there is a rationale for the central bank to temporarily reduce haircuts or broaden the list of eligible collateral to mitigate the shortage of liquidity in the market.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Central bank research,
Financial stability,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
November 17, 2011
Extracting Information from the Business Outlook Survey: A Principal-Component Approach
This article reviews recent work that uses principal-component analysis to extract information common to indicators from the Bank of Canada’s Business Outlook Survey (BOS). The authors use correlation analysis and an out-of-sample forecasting exercise to assess and compare the information content of the principal component with that of responses to key individual survey questions on growth in real gross domestic product and in real business investment. Results suggest that summarizing the common movements among BOS indicators may provide useful information for forecasting near-term growth in business investment. For growth in real gross domestic product, however, the survey’s balance of opinion on future sales growth appears to be more informative.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Business fluctuations and cycles,
Regional economic developments
November 17, 2011
Modelling the Counterfeiting of Bank Notes: A Literature Review
The objective of this article is to improve our understanding of counterfeiting and its policy implications by reviewing research in this area. There has been almost no empirical work on counterfeiting because of the limited availability of counterfeiting data and related statistics. The authors therefore focus on theoretical studies that directly model the behaviour of the relevant economic agents. They first establish some stylized facts about counterfeiting to provide a general understanding of the problem. They then briefly review several models of counterfeiting and summarize their relevant insights, focusing on the implications of the findings for the incentive to counterfeit, social welfare and anti-counterfeiting policies. The authors find that the policy implications of these studies support the Bank’s comprehensive anti-counterfeiting strategy.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Bank notes
Innovation and Growth with Financial, and Other, Frictions
Staff Working Paper 2011-25
Jonathan Chiu,
Césaire Meh,
Randall Wright
The generation and implementation of ideas, or knowledge, is crucial for economic performance. We study this process in a model of endogenous growth with frictions.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Economic models,
Potential output,
Productivity
JEL Code(s):
E,
E4,
G,
G2,
O,
O3,
O4