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2360
result(s)
May 13, 2014
The Canadian Dollar as a Reserve Currency
This article provides an overview of the growth of Canadian-dollar-denominated assets in official foreign reserves. Based on International Monetary Fund data and on internal Bank of Canada analysis, we estimate that the total reserve holdings of Canadian-dollar assets increased from negligible levels before 2008 to around US$200 billion in the third quarter of 2013. We discuss the determinants of this increase, as well as its potential impact on Canadian debt markets, for example, lower yields and therefore reduced financing costs for the Government of Canada, and the possible negative impact on market liquidity.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Central bank research,
Foreign reserves management,
Recent economic and financial developments
JEL Code(s):
E,
E5,
E58,
F,
F3,
F31,
G,
G1,
G12
May 13, 2014
Understanding Platform-Based Digital Currencies
Given technological advances and the widespread use of the Internet, various digital currencies have emerged. In most cases, Internet platforms such as Facebook and Amazon restrict the functionality of their digital currencies to enhance the business model and maximize their profits. While platform-based digital currencies could increase the efficiency of retail payments, they could also raise some important policy issues if they were to become widely used outside of the platform. Thus, it is important to closely monitor the evolution of these digital currencies.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial services,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
JEL Code(s):
E,
E4,
E41,
E42
May 13, 2014
The Art and Science of Forecasting the Real Price of Oil
Forecasts of the price of crude oil play a significant role in the conduct of monetary policy, especially for commodity producers such as Canada. This article presents a range of recently developed forecasting models that, when pooled together, can generate, on average, more accurate forecasts of the price of oil than the oil futures curve. It also illustrates how policy-makers can evaluate the risks associated with the baseline oil price forecast and how they can determine the causes of past oil price fluctuations.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Econometric and statistical methods,
International topics
JEL Code(s):
C,
C5,
C53,
E,
E3,
E32,
Q,
Q4,
Q43
May 13, 2014
Measuring Uncertainty in Monetary Policy Using Realized and Implied Volatility
Uncertainty surrounding the Bank of Canada’s future policy rates is measured using implied volatility computed from interest rate options and realized volatility computed from intraday prices of interest rate futures. Both volatility measures show that uncertainty decreased following major policy actions taken by the Bank in response to the 2007–09 financial crisis. Findings also indicate that, on average, uncertainty decreases following the Bank’s policy rate announcements.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Monetary policy and uncertainty
JEL Code(s):
E,
E5,
E52,
E58
May 13, 2014
Beyond the Unemployment Rate: Assessing Canadian and U.S. Labour Markets Since the Great Recession
This article provides a broad perspective on the performance of the labour market in Canada and the United States since the Great Recession. It also presents a simple way to summarize much of this information in a single composite labour market indicator (LMI) for both countries. The LMI suggests that the unemployment rate in Canada has evolved largely in line with overall labour market conditions since the recession, but may have modestly overstated the extent of recent improvement. The U.S. unemployment rate, in contrast, appears to have substantially overstated the post-recession improvement in labour market conditions.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
International topics,
Labour markets,
Recent economic and financial developments
JEL Code(s):
E,
E2,
E24,
J,
J2,
J21,
J23
High-Frequency Trading Competition
Staff Working Paper 2014-19
Jonathan Brogaard,
Corey Garriott,
Anna Pomeranets
We analyze trading dynamics as successive high-frequency trading (HFT) firms begin to trade stocks in an equity market. Entrants compete with incumbents for volume, and there is crowding out.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Financial markets,
Market structure and pricing
JEL Code(s):
G,
G1,
G14,
G2,
G20,
L,
L1
Interest on Cash, Fundamental Value Process and Bubble Formation on Experimental Asset Markets
Staff Working Paper 2014-18
Giovanni Giusti,
Janet Hua Jiang,
Yiping Xu
We study the formation of price bubbles on experimental asset markets where cash earns interest. There are two main conclusions.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Asset pricing,
Financial markets,
Financial stability
JEL Code(s):
C,
C9,
C90,
G,
G1,
G10
Multiple Fixed Effects in Binary Response Panel Data Models
Staff Working Paper 2014-17
Karyne B. Charbonneau
This paper considers the adaptability of estimation methods for binary response panel data models to multiple fixed effects. It is motivated by the gravity equation used in international trade, where important papers such as Helpman, Melitz and Rubinstein (2008) use binary response models with fixed effects for both importing and exporting countries.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C2,
C23,
C25,
F,
F1,
F14
E-Money: Efficiency, Stability and Optimal Policy
Staff Working Paper 2014-16
Jonathan Chiu,
Tsz-Nga Wong
What makes e-money more special than cash? Is the introduction of e-money necessarily welfare enhancing? Is an e-money system necessarily stable? What is the optimal way to design an efficient and stable e-money scheme?
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
JEL Code(s):
E,
E4,
E42,
E5,
E58,
L,
L5,
L51