On the Evolution of Multiple Jobholding in Canada Staff working paper 2019-49 Olena Kostyshyna, Etienne Lalé The number of workers who hold more than one job (a.k.a. multiple jobholders) has increased recently in Canada. While this seems to echo the view that non-standard work arrangements are becoming pervasive, the increase has in fact been trivial compared with the long-run rise of multiple jobholding that has occurred since the mid-1970s. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E2, E24, J, J2, J21, J22, J6, J60 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting, Structural challenges, Demographics and labour supply
Quantitative Easing in a Small Open Economy: An International Portfolio Balancing Approach Staff working paper 2016-55 Serdar Kabaca This paper studies the effects of quantitative easing (QE) in a small open economy dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium model with international portfolio balancing. Portfolios are classified as imperfectly substitutable short-term and long-term subportfolios, each including domestic and foreign bonds. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E5, E52, F, F4, F41 Research Theme(s): Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Monetary policy tools and implementation, Structural challenges, International trade, finance and competitiveness
An Application of Shapley Value Cost Allocation to Liquidity Savings Mechanisms Staff working paper 2019-26 Rodney J. Garratt Liquidity demands in real-time gross settlement payment systems can be enormous. To reduce the liquidity requirement, central banks around the world have implemented liquidity savings mechanisms (LSMs). Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): C, C7, C72, E, E5, E58 Research Theme(s): Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods, Money and payments, Payment and financial market infrastructures
June 8, 2015 Panel remarks for round table discussion at the 21st Conference of Montréal Remarks Carolyn A. Wilkins 21st Conference of Montréal: International Economic Forum of the Americas Montréal, Quebec Introduction Thank you for the invitation to be here today. I’m honoured to be part of this panel. It’s been more than seven years since the global financial crisis began, and we’re still coping with its aftermath. One of the consequences of the crisis has been a disruption of financial globalization. Global capital flows—to give […] Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks
Non-Performing Loans, Fiscal Costs and Credit Expansion in China Staff working paper 2018-53 Huixin Bi, Yongquan Cao, Wei Dong This paper studies how the credit expansion policy pursued by the Chinese government in an effort to stimulate its economy in the post-crisis period affects bank–firm loan contracts and the macroeconomy. We build a structural model with financial frictions in which the optimal loan contract reflects the trade-off between leverage and the probability of default. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E4, E44, E6, E62 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial institutions and intermediation, Household and business credit, Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting
Unregulated Lending, Mortgage Regulations and Monetary Policy Staff working paper 2022-28 Ugochi Emenogu, Brian Peterson This paper evaluates the effectiveness of macroprudential policies when regulations are uneven across mortgage lender types. We look at credit tightening that results from macroprudential regulations and examine how much of it is counteracted by credit shifting to unregulated lenders. We also study the impact of monetary policy tightening when some lenders are unregulated. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E4, E44, E5, E50, E52, E58, G, G2, G21, G23, G28 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial institutions and intermediation, Financial system regulation and oversight, Household and business credit
March 12, 2012 Promoting Growth, Mitigating Cycles and Inequality: The Role of Price and Financial Stability Remarks Tiff Macklem Brazil-Canada Chamber of Commerce São Paulo, Brazil Senior Deputy Governor Tiff Macklem discusses how price and financial stability help promote growth and mitigate economic cycles and inequality. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks
June 21, 2008 Bank of Canada Oversight Activities during 2007 under the Payment Clearing and Settlement Act Financial System Review - June 2008 Walter Engert, Dinah Maclean Content Type(s): Publications, Financial System Review articles
High-Frequency Trading and Institutional Trading Costs Staff working paper 2018-8 Marie Chen, Corey Garriott Using data on Canadian bond futures, we examine how high-frequency traders (HFTs) interact with institutions building large positions. In contrast to recent findings, we find HFTs in the data act as small-sized liquidity suppliers, and we reject the hypothesis that they engage in back running, a predatory trading strategy. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): G, G1, G14, G2, G20, L, L1, L10 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Market structure
On the Fragility of DeFi Lending Staff working paper 2023-14 Jonathan Chiu, Emre Ozdenoren, Kathy Yuan, Shengxing Zhang We develop a dynamic model to capture key features of decentralized finance lending. We identify a price-liquidity feedback: the market outcome in any given period depends on agents' expectations about lending activities in future periods, with higher future price expectations leading to more lending and higher prices in that period. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): G, G0, G01, G1, G10 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk, Money and payments, Digital assets and fintech