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2182 Results

Financial Inclusion—What’s it Worth?

Staff working paper 2016-30 Miguel Ampudia, Michael Ehrmann
The paper studies the determinants of being unbanked in the euro area and the United States as well as the effects of being unbanked on wealth accumulation. Based on household-level data from The Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey and the U.S. Survey of Consumer Finances, it first documents that there are, respectively, 3.6 per cent and 7.5 per cent of unbanked households in the two economies.

What Are the Macroeconomic Effects of High-Frequency Uncertainty Shocks

Staff working paper 2016-25 Laurent Ferrara, Pierre Guérin
This paper evaluates the effects of high-frequency uncertainty shocks on a set of low-frequency macroeconomic variables that are representative of the U.S. economy. Rather than estimating models at the same common low-frequency, we use recently developed econometric models, which allows us to deal with data of different sampling frequencies.

The Impact of Potential Retail Central Bank Digital Currency on the Canadian Financial System During a Severe Recession

Staff analytical paper 2026-30 Sofia Priazhkina
This policy note examines how a non-interest-bearing retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) could affect the financial stability of Canada’s systemically important banks during a severe recession. Stress test results show that the banks remain resilient, maintaining key regulatory ratios even under high CBDC demand.
August 18, 2011

Bank of Canada Review - Summer 2011

This special issue, “Real-Financial Linkages,” examines the Bank’s research using theoretical and empirical models to improve its understanding of the linkages between financial and macroeconomic developments in the wake of the recent global financial crisis.

Safe Payments

In a cashless economy, would the private sector invest in the optimal level of safety in a deposit-based payment system? In general, because of externalities, the answer is no. While the private sector could over- or under-invest in safety, the government can use taxes or subsidies to correct private incentives.

Natural disasters and inflation in Canada

Staff analytical note 2025-8 Thibaut Duprey, Victoria Fernandes
How do storms, floods and wildfires affect consumer prices? In the short term, natural disasters can significantly increase volatility in Canada-wide inflation. Over the long term, natural disasters influence inflation in shelter prices, especially when provincial output is already weak relative to trend.

Are Counterparty Arrangements in Reinsurance a Threat to Financial Stability?

Staff working paper 2016-39 Matt Davison, Darrell Leadbetter, Bin Lu, Jane Voll
Interconnectedness among insurers and reinsurers at a global level is not well understood and may pose a significant risk to the sector, with implications for the macroeconomy. Models of the complex interactions among reinsurers and with other participants in the financial system and the real economy are at a very early stage of development.
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