Discounting in Mortgage Markets Staff Working Paper 2011-3 Jason Allen, Robert Clark, Jean-François Houde This paper studies discounting in mortgage markets. Using transaction-level data on Canadian mortgages, we document that over time there's been an increase in the average discount, along with substantial dispersion. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Research Topic(s): Financial institutions, Financial services JEL Code(s): D, D4, G, G2, G21, L, L0
Unintended consequences of liquidity regulation Staff Analytical Note 2025-28 Omar Abdelrahman, Josef Schroth When a bank holds a lot of safe assets, it is well situated to deal with funding stress. But when all banks hold a lot of safe assets, a pecuniary externality implies that their (wholesale) funding costs increase. This reduces banks’ ability to hold capital buffers and thus, paradoxically, increases the frequency of funding stress. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes Research Topic(s): Credit and credit aggregates, Financial stability, Financial system regulation and policies JEL Code(s): E, E4, E44, E6, G, G2, G21, G28
August 18, 2011 Mortgage Debt and Procyclicality in the Housing Market Bank of Canada Review - Summer 2011 Ian Christensen This article focuses on the role that loans backed by housing collateral play in amplifying housing booms and, more generally, procyclicality in the housing market. The author uses a model developed to include borrower and lender households, as well as a housing market, to examine the impact that altering the loan-to-value ratio (either permanently or countercyclically) might have on the volatility of house prices and mortgage debt. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles Research Topic(s): Economic models, Financial system regulation and policies, Market structure and pricing
April 9, 2009 Next Steps for Canadian Monetary Policy Bank of Canada Review - Spring 2009 Robert Amano, Thomas J. Carter, Donald Coletti In 2006, the Bank initiated a research program exploring two alternatives to the current inflation-targeting framework: (i) lowering the inflation target and (ii) shifting to a price-level target. This article discusses progress to date, places the Bank's findings in the context of a broader literature, and identifies avenues for future research. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles Research Topic(s): Central bank research, Economic models, Inflation and prices, Inflation targets, Inflation: costs and benefits, Monetary policy framework
A Spatial Model of Bank Branches in Canada Staff Working Paper 2020-4 Heng Chen, Matthew Strathearn Using data on bank branch locations across Canada from 2008 to 2018, we explore an interesting aspect of bank branch competition—geographic concentration. We find that bank branch density does not correlate with geographic and market concentration; however, we do find strong correlation with postal-code demographics. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Research Topic(s): Firm dynamics, Market structure and pricing JEL Code(s): L, L1, R, R3
December 11, 2007 The Zero Bound on Nominal Interest Rates: Implications for Monetary Policy Bank of Canada Review - Winter 2007-2008 Claude Lavoie, Stephen Murchison One of the most important factors that must be considered if countries are thinking about lowering the target level of inflation much below 2 per cent is the zero interest bound. Targeting inflation rates that are too low, the authors note, may restrict the ability of monetary policy to respond to economic shocks by limiting the amount by which interest rates can be eased. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles Research Topic(s): Inflation: costs and benefits, Interest rates, Monetary policy implementation
A No-Arbitrage Analysis of Macroeconomic Determinants of Term Structures and the Exchange Rate Staff Working Paper 2007-21 Fousseni Chabi-Yo, Jun Yang We study the joint dynamics of macroeconomic variables, bond yields, and the exchange rate in an empirical two-country New-Keynesian model complemented with a no-arbitrage term structure model. With Canadian and US data, we are able to study the impact of macroeconomic shocks from both countries on their yield curves and the exchange rate. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Research Topic(s): Debt management, Econometric and statistical methods, Exchange rates, Financial markets, Interest rates JEL Code(s): E, E1, E12, E4, E43, F, F4, F41, G, G1, G12, G15
The “Too Big to Fail” Subsidy in Canada: Some Estimates Staff Working Paper 2018-9 Patricia Palhau Mora Implicit government guarantees of banking-sector liabilities reduce market discipline by private sector stakeholders and temper the risk sensitivity of funding costs. This potentially increases the likelihood of bailouts from taxpayers, especially in the absence of effective resolution frameworks. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Research Topic(s): Financial institutions, Financial stability JEL Code(s): G, G1, G13, G2, G21, G28
Self-Enforcing Labour Contracts and the Dynamics Puzzle Staff Working Paper 2005-1 Christian Calmès To properly account for the dynamics of key macroeconomic variables, researchers incorporate various internal-propagation mechanisms in their models. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Research Topic(s): Business fluctuations and cycles, Economic models, Labour markets JEL Code(s): E, E1, E12, E4, E49, J, J3, J30, J31, J4, J41
September 20, 2024 Artificial intelligence, the economy and central banking Remarks Tiff Macklem National Bureau of Economic Research, Economics of Artificial Intelligence Conference Toronto, Ontario Bank of Canada Governor Tiff Macklem discusses how artificial intelligence could impact the economy, and outlines some of the implications for monetary policy. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Research Topic(s): Central bank research, Financial stability, Inflation and prices, Labour markets, Monetary policy and uncertainty, Productivity