May 20, 2025 Frequently asked questions about retail payments supervision Answers to common questions about retail payments supervision.
November 8, 1994 The demand for currency and the underground economy Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 1994 Thérèse Laflèche The underground economy in Canada has attracted increased attention over the past few years, yet there is no precise way to measure its size. Recent estimates vary between 4 per cent and 15 per cent of gross domestic product. This article provides an overview of measurement issues and recent estimates. It then focusses on the "monetary" approach to estimating the size of the underground economy. This approach is based on the assumption that the demand for bank notes provides a clue as to the size of the underground economy. The article concludes that estimates that use this approach must be viewed with considerable caution. They are based on a number of assumptions that are difficult to verify and that significantly affect the results. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles Research Topic(s): Monetary aggregates
May 21, 2020 Quarterly Financial Report - First Quarter 2020 Quarterly Financial Report - First Quarter 2020 - For the period ended March 31, 2020 Content Type(s): Publications, Quarterly Financial Report
January 26, 2022 Monetary Policy Report Press Conference Opening Statement Opening statement Tiff Macklem Ottawa, Ontario Governor Tiff Macklem discusses key issues involved in the Governing Council’s deliberations about the policy rate decision and the MPR. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Opening statements
May 20, 2003 Updating the Bank of Canada Commodity Price Index Bank of Canada Review - Spring 2003 Todd Hirsch The Bank of Canada Commodity Price Index (BCPI) summarizes the price movements of 23 commodities produced in Canada. Information provided by the BCPI is used in analyzing movements in GDP, industrial producer prices, inflation, and the exchange rate. Effective 15 May 2003, a number of changes will be reflected in the BCPI. To ensure that the index accurately reflects the natural resource sectors of the economy, a number of new components and pricing sources have been incorporated into the BCPI. Weights in the new index will be chained to 1 January 1991 and 1 January 2000 to better reflect contemporary values. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
December 12, 2024 Safeguarding end-user funds This supervisory guideline is intended to help payment service providers subject to the Retail Payment Activities Act meet their obligations related to safeguarding end-user funds. Content Type(s): Retail payments supervision materials, Supervisory guidelines Research Topic(s): Supervision
October 19, 2016 Monetary Policy Report – October 2016 Growth in the Canadian economy is expected to increase from 1.1 per cent this year to about 2.0 per cent in 2017 and 2018. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
April 26, 2007 Monetary Policy Report – April 2007 Growth in the Canadian economy has been essentially in line with the expectations set out in the Bank’s January Monetary Policy Report Update. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
July 23, 2009 Monetary Policy Report – July 2009 The global economy has suffered an intense, synchronous recession and considerable excess supply has opened up. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
Digital Transformation in the Service Sector: Insights from Consultations with Firms in Wholesale, Retail and Logistics Staff Analytical Note 2017-19 Wei Dong, James Fudurich, Lena Suchanek Firms increasingly rely on digital technologies such as e-commerce, cloud computing, big data, digital tracking and digital platforms that are reshaping business operations, business models and market structures. In this context, the Bank of Canada consulted with firms in wholesale, retail and logistics, as well as with related industry associations to yield insights on the adoption of digital technologies. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes Research Topic(s): Firm dynamics, Inflation and prices, Service sector JEL Code(s): D, D2, D22, E, E3, E31, L, L8, L81, L9, L92, O, O3, O33