October 16, 2024 Incident notification This supervisory guideline explains the incident reporting requirements applicable to payment service providers subject to the Retail Payment Activities Act and provides clarity on how the Bank expects payment service providers to comply with them. Content Type(s): Retail payments supervision materials, Supervisory guidelines Subject(s): Retail payments supervision, Reporting, Supervision
May 15, 2023 Financial System Survey highlights—2023 This article presents the key results from the 2023 Bank of Canada Financial System Survey, conducted between February 21 and March 10. The survey included a special section on margining practices for non-centrally cleared derivatives. Content Type(s): Publications, Financial System Survey
May 13, 1998 Monetary Policy Report – May 1998 Canada’s inflation-control targets establish a specific medium-term objective for monetary policy. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
July 23, 2009 Monetary Policy Report – July 2009 The global economy has suffered an intense, synchronous recession and considerable excess supply has opened up. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
April 18, 2018 Monetary Policy Report – April 2018 The Bank’s new forecast calls for economic growth of 2.0 percent this year, 2.1 per cent in 2019 and 1.8 per cent in 2020. Content Type(s): Publications, Monetary Policy Report
November 8, 2013 Quarterly Financial Report - Third Quarter 2013 Quarterly Financial Report - Third Quarter 2013 - For the period ended 30 September 2013 Content Type(s): Publications, Quarterly Financial Report
November 8, 1994 The demand for currency and the underground economy Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 1994 Thérèse Laflèche The underground economy in Canada has attracted increased attention over the past few years, yet there is no precise way to measure its size. Recent estimates vary between 4 per cent and 15 per cent of gross domestic product. This article provides an overview of measurement issues and recent estimates. It then focusses on the "monetary" approach to estimating the size of the underground economy. This approach is based on the assumption that the demand for bank notes provides a clue as to the size of the underground economy. The article concludes that estimates that use this approach must be viewed with considerable caution. They are based on a number of assumptions that are difficult to verify and that significantly affect the results. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
January 8, 2026 Frequently asked questions about retail payments supervision Find answers to common questions about retail payments supervision.
What Explains the Recent Increase in Canadian Corporate Bond Spreads Staff analytical note 2017-2 Maxime Leboeuf, James Pinnington The spread between the yield of a corporate bond and the yield of a similar Government of Canada bond reflects compensation for possible default by the issuing firm and compensation for additional risks beyond default. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): G, G1, G12 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk
October 16, 2024 Operational risk and incident response This supervisory guideline is intended to help payment service providers subject to the Retail Payment Activities Act comply with their obligations related to the identification and mitigation of their operational risks as well as their response to incidents. Content Type(s): Retail payments supervision materials, Supervisory guidelines Subject(s): Retail payments supervision, Supervision