July 21, 2025 Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations—Second Quarter of 2025 Overall, results of the second-quarter 2025 survey show that the CSCE indicator—a measure developed to summarize the opinions of Canadian consumers—declined again this quarter as spending intentions continued to weaken due to the persistent threats of tariffs and related uncertainty. Consumers still see the labour market as soft, and their fear of job loss is elevated. The trade conflict is leading consumers to become increasingly cautious about their spending plans and to change their spending behaviour. Consumers’ short-term inflation expectations have changed little since increasing markedly in the first quarter of 2025. This quarter, more consumers cited tariffs as the most important factor affecting the Bank of Canada’s ability to control inflation. Content Type(s): Publications, Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations
Historical Data on Repurchase Agreements from the Canadian Depository for Securities Technical report No. 121 Maxim Ralchenko, Adrian Walton We develop an algorithm that extracts information about sale and repurchase agreements (repos) from disaggregated settlement data in order to generate a new historical dataset for research. Content Type(s): Staff research, Technical reports JEL Code(s): C, C5, C55, C8, C81, G, G1, G10 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods
June 9, 2016 Securities Financing and Bond Market Liquidity Financial System Review - June 2016 Jean-Sébastien Fontaine, Corey Garriott, Kyle Gray This report investigates how the markets for repurchase agreements and securities-lending agreements support the liquidity of Canadian bond markets. It also discusses how recent regulatory changes, as well as low interest rates and settlement failures, are potentially affecting securities-financing markets and, as a result, bond market liquidity. Content Type(s): Publications, Financial System Review articles JEL Code(s): G, G1, G12, G2
October 21, 2015 Release of the Monetary Policy Report Opening statement Stephen S. Poloz, Carolyn A. Wilkins Ottawa, Ontario Press conference following the release of the Monetary Policy Report. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Opening statements
December 19, 2025 Financial stability indicators Get quarterly data for the indicators we use to track the evolution of the financial stability of the Canadian economy.
Financial Constraints and Corporate Investment in China Staff discussion paper 2022-22 Kun Mo, Michel Soudan Financial constraints deter firms from pursuing optimal investment plans. In China, we find privately owned firms face greater financial constraints than state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This can be explained by our finding that lenders appear less concerned about the credit risk of SOEs, which causes distortions in the allocation of credit. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): E, E2, E22, G, G1, G3 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial institutions and intermediation, Household and business credit, Structural challenges, International trade, finance and competitiveness
December 7, 2023 Economic progress report: Immigration, housing and the outlook for inflation Remarks Toni Gravelle Windsor–Essex Regional Chamber of Commerce Windsor, Ontario Deputy Governor Toni Gravelle discusses the latest interest rate decision along with how immigration helps Canada’s economy and how it impacts inflation. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Financial system, Financial stability, Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation
December 16, 2025 Good money and your central bank Remarks Tiff Macklem The Chamber of Commerce of Metropolitan Montreal Montréal, Quebec Governor Tiff Macklem discusses the Bank of Canada’s role in ensuring the stability of money in all its forms, from currency to digital payments. He also outlines how keeping inflation low and stable ensures Canadian money retains its purchasing power. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks
May 14, 2015 Improving the Foundation of Canada’s Payments System Bank of Canada Review - Spring 2015 Lana Embree, Paul Miller The Canadian payments environment has evolved with enhancements in technology, changes in user expectations and new regulatory standards. In response, the existing regulatory framework and core payments infrastructure are being enhanced. This article describes several revisions to the governance and regulation of the payments system as well as plans to update the core payments infrastructure. These initiatives will position the Canadian payments system to more effectively support a modern and vibrant economy by serving the payments needs of Canadians safely and efficiently as the payments industry continues to evolve. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles JEL Code(s): E, E4, E42, G, G2, G28
September 19, 2000 A New System of Fixed Dates for Announcing Changes to the Bank Rate In November 2000, the Bank of Canada introduced a new system of eight "fixed" or pre-specified dates each year for announcing any changes to the official interest rate it uses to implement monetary policy. This paper describes the basic features of the proposed approach, elaborates its key advantages and identifies issues for consultation.