February 1, 2012 Developments and Issues in the Canadian Market for Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Financial System Review - June 2003 Paula Toovey, John Kiff Content Type(s): Publications, Financial System Review articles
August 24, 2011 The Role of the G-20 in Sustaining the Recovery and Protecting Financial Stability Remarks Tiff Macklem Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) and Indian Banks’ Association (IBA) Mumbai, India In his speech, Senior Deputy Governor Tiff Macklem discusses the G-20 reform agenda to achieve durable financial stability and sustainable and balanced economic growth. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks
February 9, 2017 Getting to the Core of Inflation Remarks Lawrence L. Schembri Department of Economics, Western University London, Ontario Deputy Governor Lawrence Schembri discusses the uses and measures of core inflation in the conduct of monetary policy. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Monetary policy, Economic models, Inflation, Inflation targeting framework
November 8, 1995 The role of monetary conditions and the monetary conditions index in the conduct of policy Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 1995 Charles Freedman In these excerpts from a presentation to a conference in Toronto, Deputy Governor Charles Freedman analyses the way in which the monetary conditions index (MCI) enters into the Bank's thinking and actions. He describes how the Bank works in the context of a forward-looking assessment of economic developments and inflationary pressures to decide upon a desired path for the MCI that will result in a rate of inflation, six to eight quarters ahead, that is within the Bank's target band. Mr. Freedman also uses specific examples to explain how various shocks to the economy can change the Bank's desired path for monetary conditions. He describes the role that tactical considerations relating to market circumstances play regarding the timing of Bank actions to bring monetary conditions onto the desired path and emphasizes the need to give precedence to steadying nervous markets. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
April 2017 Annual Reassessment of Potential Output Growth in Canada Staff analytical note 2017-5 Andrew Agopsowicz, Bassirou Gueye, Natalia Kyui, Youngmin Park, Mohanad Salameh, Ben Tomlin This note summarizes the Bank of Canada’s annual reassessment of potential output growth, conducted for the April 2017 Monetary Policy Report. Potential output growth is projected to increase from 1.3 per cent in 2017 to 1.6 per cent by 2020. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes JEL Code(s): E, E0, E00, E2, E22, E23, E24, E3, E37, E6 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting, Structural challenges, Demographics and labour supply
September 11, 2009 Bank of Canada Liquidity Actions in Response to the Financial Market Turmoil Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 2009 Lorie Zorn, Carolyn A. Wilkins, Walter Engert In response to the financial crisis of 2007-09, the Bank of Canada intervened repeatedly to stabilize the financial system and limit the repercussions of the crisis on the Canadian economy. This article reviews the extraordinary liquidity measures taken by the Bank during this period and the principles that guided the Bank's interventions. A preliminary assessment of the term liquidity facilities provided by the Bank suggests that they were an important source of liquidity support for some financial institutions and, on a broader basis, served to reduce uncertainty among market participants about the availability of liquidity, as well as helping to promote a return to well-functioning money markets. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles
May 13, 2026 AI is knocking: Canada’s next productivity story Remarks Michelle Alexopoulos Ottawa Economics Association—Canadian Association for Business Economics Spring Policy Conference Ottawa, Ontario External Deputy Governor Michelle Alexopoulos discusses what we know so far about AI adoption, and what it could mean for productivity and labour markets in Canada. Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation
Risk-Free Uncollateralized Lending in Decentralized Markets: An Introduction to Flash Loans Staff discussion paper 2025-6 Jack Mandin A flash loan is a special type of uncollateralized loan with zero default risk. I document the use for flash loans across major blockchains that are Ethereum-Virtual-Machine-compatible. Flash loans expand access to liquidity, and highly sophisticated actors use them for many practical applications. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): G, G0, G1, G2 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Money and payments, Digital assets and fintech
Do Firms’ Sales Expectations Hit the Mark? Evidence from the Business Leaders’ Pulse Staff discussion paper 2025-15 Owen Gaboury, Farrukh Suvankulov, Mathieu Utting We analyze Canadian data from the Bank of Canada’s Business Leaders’ Pulse, examining firms’ sales growth expectations. We find that expected growth predicts outcomes, uncertainty influences forecast errors and revisions, and firms with weak past performance anticipate and experience weaker future growth. These results highlight the survey’s value for understanding business expectations. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): C, C8, C83, D, D2, D22 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Real economy and forecasting
Everything You Want to Know About the Bank’s Standing Liquidity Facility… But were too afraid to ask! Staff analytical paper 2026-26 Kaetlynd McRae, Jessie Ziqing Chen The Standing Liquidity Facility (SLF) is one of the Bank of Canada’s least discussed tools—and one of its most important. Embedded directly in Canada’s high value payment system, Lynx, the SLF operates quietly in the background every business day, ensuring the smooth settlement of payments and reinforcing the implementation of monetary policy. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): E, E4, E41, E42, E44, E5, E58, E59, G, G2, G21, G28 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Financial system, Financial institutions and intermediation, Monetary policy, Monetary policy tools and implementation, Money and payments, Payment and financial market infrastructures