Merchant Access to Cash: Going the Extra Kilometer? Staff analytical paper 2026-41 Angelika Welte, Stephen Wild, Patrick Fogaing kouamo In this study, we measure SMBs’ access to cash using the driving distance to financial institution (FI) branches. First, we measure the distance between SMBs and the nearest FI branch. Second, we use a sample of 651 SMBs from the 2023 Merchant Acceptance Survey to examine SMBs’ banking choices. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical paper JEL Code(s): D, D8, D83, E, E4, E41 Research Theme(s): Money and payments, Cash and bank notes, Retail payments
Relationships in the Interbank Market Staff working paper 2016-33 Jonathan Chiu, Cyril Monnet In the interbank market, banks will sometimes trade below the central bank's deposit rate. We explain this anomaly using a theory based on market frictions and relationship lending. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E4, E5 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Financial system, Financial institutions and intermediation, Models and tools, Economic models, Monetary policy, Monetary policy tools and implementation
Retail Order Flow Segmentation Staff working paper 2016-20 Corey Garriott, Adrian Walton In August 2012, the New York Stock Exchange launched the Retail Liquidity Program (RLP), a trading facility that enables participating organizations to quote dark limit orders executable only by retail traders. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): G, G1, G14, G2, G20, L, L1, L10 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Market structure
Foreign Exchange Fixings and Returns Around the Clock Staff working paper 2021-48 Ingomar Krohn, Philippe Mueller, Paul Whelan We document a new empirical finding in the foreign exchange market: currency returns show systematic reversals around the benchmark fixings. Specifically, the US dollar, on average, appreciates in the hours before fixes and depreciates after fixes. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): F, F3, F31, G, G1, G15 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, International markets and currencies, Market functioning
Assessing the Predictive Ability of Sovereign Default Risk on Exchange Rate Returns Staff working paper 2017-19 Claudia Foroni, Francesco Ravazzolo, Barbara Sadaba Increased sovereign credit risk is often associated with sharp currency movements. Therefore, expectations of the probability of a sovereign default event can convey important information regarding future movements of exchange rates. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): C, C2, C22, C5, C52, C53, F, F3, F31 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, International markets and currencies, Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods
May 13, 2014 Measuring Uncertainty in Monetary Policy Using Realized and Implied Volatility Bank of Canada Review - Spring 2014 Bo Young Chang, Bruno Feunou Uncertainty surrounding the Bank of Canada’s future policy rates is measured using implied volatility computed from interest rate options and realized volatility computed from intraday prices of interest rate futures. Both volatility measures show that uncertainty decreased following major policy actions taken by the Bank in response to the 2007–09 financial crisis. Findings also indicate that, on average, uncertainty decreases following the Bank’s policy rate announcements. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles JEL Code(s): E, E5, E52, E58
December 23, 2004 Pre-Bid Run-Ups Ahead of Canadian Takeovers: How Big Is the Problem? Financial System Review - December 2004 Michael R. King, Maksym Padalko Content Type(s): Publications, Financial System Review articles
What Consistent Responses on Future Inflation by Consumers Can Reveal Staff discussion paper 2023-7 Sarah Miller, Patrick Sabourin We analyze factors that may explain consistent answers to questions about inflation expectations in the Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations. We also compare the inflation forecasts of consumers with consistent responses with those of professional forecasters. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers JEL Code(s): D, D8, D80, D84, E, E3, E31 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Real economy and forecasting
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity Meets the Zero Lower Bound Staff working paper 2017-16 Robert Amano, Stefano Gnocchi We add downward nominal wage rigidity to a standard New Keynesian model with sticky prices and wages, where the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates is allowed to bind. We find that wage rigidity not only reduces the frequency of zero bound episodes but also mitigates the severity of corresponding recessions. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E2, E24, E3, E32, E5, E52 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Real economy and forecasting
November 17, 2016 Commodity Price Supercycles: What Are They and What Lies Ahead? Bank of Canada Review - Autumn 2016 Bahattin Buyuksahin, Kun Mo, Konrad Zmitrowicz Because commodity prices help determine Canada’s terms of trade, employment, income and, ultimately, inflation, it is important to understand what causes them to fluctuate. Since the early 1900s, there have been four commodity price supercycles—which we define as extended periods of boom and bust that can take decades to complete. Now in its downswing phase, the current supercycle started after growth in China and other emerging-market economies in the mid-1990s resulted in an unexpected demand shock. The extent of this downswing depends on numerous factors that are presently uncertain. Content Type(s): Publications, Bank of Canada Review articles JEL Code(s): C, C1, Q, Q1, Q4, Q41