Macroeconomic Disasters and Consumption Smoothing: International Evidence from Historical Data Staff working paper 2023-4 Lorenzo Pozzi, Barbara Sadaba Does consumption smoothing fundamentally decrease during macroeconomic disasters? This paper uses a large historical dataset (1870–2016) for 16 industrial economies to show that during macroeconomic disasters (e.g., wars, pandemics, depressions) aggregate consumption and income are significantly less decoupled than during normal times. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): C, C2, C23, E, E2, E21 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Household and business credit, Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods, Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting
On the Wedge Between the PPI and CPI Inflation Indicators Staff working paper 2022-5 Shang-Jin Wei, Yinxi Xie We find that the CPI and PPI inflation indexes co-moved strongly throughout the late 20th century, but their correlation has fallen substantially since the early 2000s. We offer a structural explanation for this divergence based on the growth of global supply chains since 2000. This finding offers a unique perspective for the future design of optimal monetary policy. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E3, E31, E5, E52, E58, F, F1, F11, F12, F4, F41, F6, F62 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Monetary policy framework and transmission, Structural challenges, International trade, finance and competitiveness
Energy Efficiency and Fluctuations in CO2 Emissions Staff working paper 2021-47 Soojin Jo, Lilia Karnizova Carbon dioxide emissions have been commonly modelled as rising and falling with total output. Yet many factors, such as energy-efficiency improvements and shifts to cleaner energy, can break this relationship. We evaluate these factors using US data and find that changes in energy efficiency of consumption goods explain a significant proportion of emissions fluctuations. This finding also implies that models that omit energy efficiency likely overestimate the trade-off between environmental protection and economic performance. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E3, E32, Q, Q4, Q43, Q5, Q50, Q55 Research Theme(s): Models and tools, Econometric, statistical and computational methods, Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting, Structural challenges, Climate change
Reconciling the Differences in Aggregate U.S. Wage Series Staff working paper 2016-1 Julien Champagne, André Kurmann, Jay Stewart Average hourly real wage series from the Labor Productivity and Costs (LPC) program and the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program have evolved very differently over the past decades. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E0, E01, E2, E24, E3, E30, J, J3, J30 Research Theme(s): Monetary policy, Inflation dynamics and pressures, Real economy and forecasting
Grasping De(centralized) Fi(nance) Through the Lens of Economic Theory Staff working paper 2022-43 Jonathan Chiu, Charles M. Kahn, Thorsten Koeppl We analyze the value proposition and limitations of decentralized finance (DeFi). Based on a distributed ledger and smart contracts, DeFi can guarantee the execution of financial contracts, potentially lowering the costs of intermediation and improving financial inclusion. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): G, G2 Research Theme(s): Money and payments, Digital assets and fintech, Payment and financial market infrastructures
June 21, 2008 Financial System Review - June 2008 Although there has been some improvement in conditions over the past several weeks, strains in global credit markets have broadened since December.FSR Highlights - June 2008 Errata: Some factual errors in the June report "Bank of Canada Oversight Activities during 2007 under the Payment Clearing and Settlement Act" have been corrected. They concern (i) clarification of the U.S. Federal Reserve as lead overseer of CLS Bank and (ii) the steps taken by CDS on 14 August 2007 to assist issuers and participants holding defaulted ABCP. Content Type(s): Publications, Financial Stability Report
June 24, 2007 Price Formation and Liquidity Provision in the Markets for European and Canadian Government Securities Financial System Review - June 2007 Chris D'Souza, Ingrid Lo, Stephen Sapp Content Type(s): Publications, Financial System Review articles
PayTech and the D(ata) N(etwork) A(ctivities) of BigTech Platforms Staff working paper 2022-35 Jonathan Chiu, Thorsten Koeppl Why do BigTech platforms introduce payment services? We explore this using a model in which a monopoly platform faces a trade-off between the costs associated with privacy concerns and the revenue from data services. We then analyze the feedback effects between data and payments. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): D, D8, E, E4, E42, L, L1 Research Theme(s): Financial markets and funds management, Market functioning, Money and payments, Digital assets and fintech, Payment and financial market infrastructures, Retail payments
Fiscal Spillovers: The Case of US Corporate and Personal Income Taxes Staff working paper 2021-41 Madeline Hanson, Daniela Hauser, Romanos Priftis How do changes to personal and corporate income tax rates in the United States affect its trading partners? Spillover effects from cuts in the two taxes differ. They are generally small and negative for corporate taxes, but sizable and positive for personal income taxes. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers JEL Code(s): E, E3, E32, E6, E62, F, F4, F44, H, H2, H20 Research Theme(s): Financial system, Financial stability and systemic risk, Monetary policy, Real economy and forecasting, Structural challenges, International trade, finance and competitiveness
June 17, 2019 Flexible Exchange Rates, Commodity Prices and Price Stability Remarks Lawrence L. Schembri Economics Society of Northern Alberta (ESNA) Edmonton, Alberta Deputy Governor Lawrence Schembri speaks before the Economics Society of Northern Alberta (ESNA). Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Remarks Subject(s): Financial system, Financial markets, Monetary policy, Economy/Economic growth, Inflation, Inflation targeting framework