Staff discussion papers are completed staff research studies on a wide variety of subjects relevant to central bank policy.
281
result(s)
Ecosystem Models for a Central Bank Digital Currency: Analysis Framework and Potential Models
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-13
Youming Liu,
Francisco Rivadeneyra,
Edona Reshidi,
Oleksandr Shcherbakov,
André Stenzel
This note analyzes different economic models of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) ecosystem where the central bank chooses different levels of market involvement and usage of policy levers. The analysis suggests that there are trade-offs between the costs to the central bank and its ability to achieve policy goals like universal access.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Central bank research,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial services
JEL Code(s):
E,
E5,
E58,
E6,
E61,
L,
L5
The Ecology of Automated Market Makers
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-12
Annetta Ho,
Cosmin Cazan,
Andrew Schrumm
This paper describes the ecology of automated market makers, which are the most popular decentralized exchange model for the pricing and trading of crypto assets within decentralized finance.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial markets,
Financial stability,
Financial system regulation and policies
JEL Code(s):
G,
G1,
G2
The Role of Public Money in the Digital Age
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-11
Francisco Rivadeneyra,
Scott Hendry,
Alejandro García
A well-functioning monetary system is characterized by public and private forms of money that exchange at par as value flows freely between them. A relevant retail public money—whether in the form of cash, a central bank digital currency or both—is a necessary component of such a monetary system.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Central bank research,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
JEL Code(s):
E,
E4,
E42,
E5,
E50,
E58
Analysis of DeFi Oracles
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-10
Xun Deng,
Sidi Mohamed Beillahi,
Cyrus Minwalla,
Han Du,
Andreas Veneris,
Fan Long
Oracles are constructs used in decentralized finance to price assets relative to each other. However, oracles contain defects that could lead to manipulation attacks. Such attacks exploit pricing models embedded within oracles to defraud creators and users. We automatically verify defects, which if mitigated, improves the security of digital currency.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Central bank research,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
JEL Code(s):
E,
E4,
E42,
E5,
E51,
G,
G1,
G15,
O,
O3,
O31
Deriving Longer-Term Inflation Expectations and Inflation Risk Premium Measures for Canada
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-9
Bruno Feunou,
Zabi Tarshi
We present two models for long-term inflation expectations and inflation risk premiums for Canada.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C5,
C58,
E,
E4,
E43,
E47,
G,
G1,
G12
2023 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report: The Resilience of Cash
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-8
Christopher Henry,
Matthew Shimoda,
Doina Rusu
We present key results from the 2023 Methods-of-Payment Survey. Results show that measures of cash management and use have remained stable since 2020, and that Canadians increased their adoption of payment alternatives such as mobile apps in 2023.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Bank notes,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial services
JEL Code(s):
D,
D8,
D83,
E,
E4,
E41
The Output-Inflation Trade-off in Canada
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-7
Stefano Gnocchi,
Fanny McKellips,
Rodrigo Sekkel,
Laure Simon,
Yinxi Xie,
Yang Zhang
We explain how the Bank of Canada’s policy models capture the trade-off between output and inflation in Canada. We provide new estimates of the trade-off and contrast them with those in the Bank’s macroeconomic models.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Business fluctuations and cycles,
Econometric and statistical methods,
Inflation and prices,
Monetary policy transmission
JEL Code(s):
E,
E3,
E31,
E5,
E52
Central Bank Liquidity Policy in Modern Times
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-6
Skylar Brooks
Across several dimensions of lender of last resort policy, I highlight broad changes that have occurred since the 2008–09 global financial crisis and discuss some of the key challenges, choices and considerations facing the designers of central bank liquidity tools today.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Central bank research,
Financial institutions,
Financial markets,
Financial stability,
Lender of last resort
JEL Code(s):
D,
D5,
D53,
E,
E5,
E58,
E6,
E61,
G,
G0,
G01,
G2,
G21,
G23,
H,
H1,
H12
Assessing the Impact of the Bank of Canada’s Government Bond Purchases
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-5
Chinara Azizova,
Jonathan Witmer,
Xu Zhang
In March 2020, the Bank of Canada implemented the Government of Canada Bond Purchase Program, eventually purchasing approximately $340 billion of government bonds. In this paper, we analyze the impact of this program on financial market prices and yields as well as on GDP and inflation.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Financial institutions,
Financial markets,
Financial system regulation and policies,
Inflation and prices,
Monetary policy,
Monetary policy transmission
JEL Code(s):
E,
E5,
E52,
E58,
G,
G2,
G21,
G28