March 17, 2008
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451
result(s)
An Overview of Carbon Markets and Emissions Trading: Lessons for Canada
Staff Discussion Paper 2008-1
Michael R. King
The author provides an overview of carbon markets and explains how emissions trading can be important in encouraging the reduction of CO2 emissions in an efficient manner. He describes the key steps in establishing a cap-and-trade system, and reviews the European experiences with emissions trading. He highlights the lessons learned from the EU Emissions Trading […]
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
International topics,
Market structure and pricing
JEL Code(s):
D,
D4,
N,
N5,
N50,
Q,
Q2,
Q21
Default Dependence: The Equity Default Relationship
Staff Working Paper 2008-1
Stuart Turnbull,
Jun Yang
The paper examines three equity-based structural models to study the nonlinear relationship between equity and credit default swap (CDS) prices. These models differ in the specification of the default barrier.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Econometric and statistical methods,
Financial markets
JEL Code(s):
G,
G1,
G12,
G13
Where Does Price Discovery Occur in FX Markets?
Staff Working Paper 2007-52
Chris D'Souza
Trades in foreign exchange markets are initiated around the world and around the clock. This study illustrates that trades are more informative when initiated in a local country or in major foreign exchange centers like London and New York.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Exchange rates,
Financial markets,
Market structure and pricing
JEL Code(s):
F,
F3,
F31,
G,
G1,
G15
October 15, 2007
The Global Foreign Exchange Market: Growth and Transformation
Barker examines changes in the foreign exchange market, which is in a period of transition. Since the mid-1990s, three closely inter-related and mutually reinforcing factors–electronic trading platforms, a changing mix of market participants, and computer-driven algorithmic trading strategies–have been accelerating market growth and are creating a profound structural transformation. As the balance of market participation shifts between bank and non-bank accounts, large and small participants, and domestic and global players, the market is adopting some of the characteristics of an "exchange" model and is arguably becoming more liquid and operationally efficient.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Exchange rates,
Financial institutions,
Financial markets
October 13, 2007
Estimating the Cost of Equity for Canadian and U.S. Firms
Financing costs are important for both firms and the economy, affecting investment decisions and, ultimately, economic growth. Despite concern among policy-makers that the cost of equity financing may be higher in Canada than in the United States, empirical evidence supporting this view is mixed. Yet Canadian firms may not undertake as many projects that could potentially enhance growth if the cost of equity financing in Canada is relatively high. The article summarizes research by Jonathan Witmer and Lorie Zorn on the influences on the cost of equity in Canada and the United States, using an updated methodology that controls for firm characteristics and aggregate-level factors. In their sample, the cost of equity was 30–50 basis points higher in Canada over 1988 to 2006 but appears to have dropped in the post-1997 period. The results have policy implications related to such factors as firm size, disclosure, and securities regulation and enforcement.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Financial markets,
International topics
October 12, 2007
Bank of Canada Workshop on Derivatives Markets in Canada and Beyond
At this 2006 workshop hosted by the Bank of Canada, an international group of market participants, regulators, and policy-makers gathered to assess recent developments in the derivatives market. Among the topics discussed were the recent prodigious growth in risk-transfer instruments, including credit derivatives and inflation-linked derivatives, as well as the accompanying challenges and benefits. Overall, the development of derivatives markets was seen as providing broad economic benefits, including more complete financial markets, improved market liquidity, and increased capacity of the financial system to effectively price and bear risk. Yet concern was also voiced that market participants do not fully understand the risks that arise in trading credit derivatives.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Financial markets,
Financial stability,
Financial system regulation and policies
Rediscounting Under Aggregate Risk with Moral Hazard
Staff Working Paper 2007-51
James Chapman,
Antoine Martin
Freeman (1999) proposes a model in which discount window lending and open market operations have different effects. This is important because in most of the literature, these policies are indistinguishable.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Central bank research,
Financial markets,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
JEL Code(s):
E,
E5,
E58,
G,
G2,
G20
Do Firms Adjust Toward a Target Leverage Level?
Staff Working Paper 2007-50
Zhaoxia Xu
This paper studies capital structure adjustment mechanisms of firms that experience substantial changes in leverage.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Financial markets,
International topics
JEL Code(s):
G,
G3,
G32
Examining Simple Joint Macroeconomic and Term-Structure Models: A Practitioner's Perspective
Staff Working Paper 2007-49
David Bolder,
Shudan Liu
The primary objective of this paper is to compare a variety of joint models of the term structure of interest rates and the macroeconomy.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Econometric and statistical methods,
Financial markets,
Interest rates
JEL Code(s):
C,
C0,
C6,
E,
E4,
G,
G1