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2380
result(s)
Implications of Uncertainty about Long-Run Inflation and the Price Level
Staff Working Paper 2001-16
Gerald Stuber
This paper surveys recent developments in the theoretical and empirical literature on the economic implications of uncertainty about the longer-term outlook for inflation. In particular, the linkages between inflation, long-run inflation uncertainty, and aggregate economic activity in industrial economies have become considerably better understood during the past decade.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Inflation: costs and benefits
JEL Code(s):
E,
E2,
E22,
E3,
E31,
E4,
E44
Affine Term-Structure Models: Theory and Implementation
Staff Working Paper 2001-15
David Bolder
Affine models describe the stylized time-series properties of the term structure of interest rates in a reasonable manner, they generalize relatively easily to higher dimensions, and a vast academic literature exists relating to their implementation. This combination of characteristics makes the affine class a natural introductory point for modelling interest rate dynamics.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Debt management,
Econometric and statistical methods,
Interest rates
JEL Code(s):
C,
C0,
C5,
G,
G0
L'effet de la richesse sur la consommation aux États-Unis
Staff Working Paper 2001-14
Yanick Desnoyers
The substantial growth in wealth over the course of the second half of the 1990s generated the equivalent of a certain level of savings, while simultaneously causing household savings rates to fall significantly. The author seeks to explain this decline in savings, observed since 1995, using the methodology developed by King, Plosser, Stock, and Watson (1991).
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Domestic demand and components
JEL Code(s):
E,
E2,
E21
August 17, 2001
The Changing Effects of Energy-Price Shocks on Economic Activity and Inflation
In this article the author examines the effects that major changes in energy prices in recent years have had on inflation and on the pace of economic expansion. These are then compared with the effects of the oil-price shocks that occurred in the 1970s and early 1980s. Changes in the intensity of energy use are examined, as well as developments in Canada's merchandise trade surplus in energy commodities and products. The author also considers the effects that a monetary policy anchored to low and stable inflation could have on price-setting behaviour and thus on the pass-through of higher energy costs to core inflation in Canada and in other industrial countries.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Business fluctuations and cycles
August 16, 2001
Innovation and Competition in Canadian Equity Markets
Innovations in communications and information technology and the related globalization of financial markets have created the potential for important changes to the structure of Canadian equity markets. Established marketplaces can now compete more effectively on an inter-regional and international basis. At the same time, reduced costs have lowered the barriers to entry faced by new competitors known as alternative trading systems (ATSs). In response to this heightened competition, established Canadian stock exchanges have taken measures to improve market quality. While regulators see innovation as positive for the development of Canadian markets, there is some concern that market liquidity may be fragmented in the short run. The Canadian Securities Administrators have proposed a framework that attempts to address this issue and that would allow ATSs to compete with traditional exchanges for the first time. The authors provide an overview of the Canadian equity market and its structure, focusing on these recent developments.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Financial markets
August 15, 2001
Analyzing the Monetary Aggregates
In recent years, the Bank has put renewed emphasis on analyzing monetary variables and on developing models that incorporate money as an active part of the transmission mechanism. In this article, Dinah Maclean describes how the monetary aggregates are used in the formulation of monetary policy analysis at the Bank, outlining the key tools and models used. The most important money-based model currently in use is the M1-VECM. In this model, deviations in the money supply from the long-term demand for money cause changes in inflation. The author briefly describes the "active-money" paradigm underlying this model and explains the key equations within it. Other simpler empirical models are also outlined, including single-equation indicator models for output based on the narrow aggregates, a neural network, and a model based on the broader aggregate M2++. A detailed technical annex provides details on model equations and coefficient values.
Content Type(s):
Publications,
Bank of Canada Review articles
Topic(s):
Monetary aggregates
Predetermined Prices and the Persistent Effects of Money on Output
Staff Working Paper 2001-13
Michael Devereux,
James Yetman
This paper illustrates a model of predetermined pricing, where firms set a fixed schedule of nominal prices at the time of price readjustment, based on the work of Fischer (1977). This type of price-setting specification cannot produce any excess persistence in a fixed-duration model of staggered prices, but we show that with a probabilistic model of price adjustment, as in Calvo (1983), a predetermined pricing specification can produce excess persistence.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Monetary policy transmission
JEL Code(s):
E,
E3,
E30
Evaluating Linear and Non-Linear Time-Varying Forecast-Combination Methods
Staff Working Paper 2001-12
Fuchun Li,
Greg Tkacz
This paper evaluates linear and non-linear forecast-combination methods. Among the non-linear methods, we propose a nonparametric kernel-regression weighting approach that allows maximum flexibility of the weighting parameters.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Econometric and statistical methods
JEL Code(s):
C,
C1,
C14,
C5,
C53,
E,
E2,
E27
Gaining Credibility for Inflation Targets
Staff Working Paper 2001-11
James Yetman
In this paper, I consider a simple model in which agents learn about the inflation target of a central bank over time by observing the policy instrument or inflation outcomes. Measuring credibility as the distance between the perceived target and the actual target, an increase in credibility is beneficial to the central bank because it brings the policy consistent with attaining the inflation target closer to that required to attain the output target.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff working papers
Topic(s):
Credibility,
Inflation targets
JEL Code(s):
E,
E5,
E52