High-quality, innovative research underpins everything we do. Explore the broad range of staff research that our people have the intellectual freedom to pursue, and learn about the ways in which the Bank collaborates with and supports the external research community.
You can also browse all our research and subscribe to our research newsletter and latest research feed.
Staff research
Staff research is produced independently from the Bank’s Governing Council. This research may support or challenge prevailing policy orthodoxy or differ from official Bank views. Therefore, views expressed are solely those of the authors, and no responsibility for them should be attributed to the Bank.
Staff analytical notes
Staff analytical notes are short articles that focus on topical issues relevant to the current economic and financial context.
Staff working papers
Staff working papers provide a forum for staff to publish work-in-progress research intended for journal publication.
Staff discussion papers
Staff discussion papers are completed staff research studies on a wide variety of subjects relevant to central bank policy.
Technical reports
Technical reports provide detailed descriptions of staff research project methodologies and model development.
Research leadership
Profiles of the Bank’s economic research leadership, featuring their publications, education, and research fields.
Research staff
Profiles of the Bank’s research staff, featuring their publications, education and research fields.
Authors
Listing of current and past authors of Bank research papers, articles and other publications, 1994 to present.
Collaboration
Financial System Research Centre
The FSRC promotes financial system research in Canada to inform policy and improve the economic and financial well-being of Canadians.
Visiting Scholar Program
This program provides outstanding scholars with an opportunity to work at the Bank of Canada.
Conferences and workshops
Papers and proceedings from Bank of Canada conferences and workshops
Partnerships in Innovation and Technology (PIVOT) Program
We’re looking for innovators to help us respond to challenges that may not have a commercial solution readily available.
Awards
Research paper awards
At the Bank of Canada, we’re pleased to offer awards for research papers by students and by staff.
Scholarship awards
The Bank of Canada’s Scholarship and Work Placement program is designed to assist students with disabilities and Indigenous students in furthering their education and to encourage them to take an interest in the work performed by the Bank of Canada.
Fellowship Program
Learn more about a program to foster excellence in research in Canada and develop partnerships with experts outside the Bank of Canada in areas important to the Bank’s mandate.
The Governor's Challenge
The Governor’s Challenge simulates the monetary policy decision-making process by putting students in the role of advisor to the Bank’s Governing Council.
Browse research
Find Bank of Canada research by keyword, author, content type, JEL code, topic or date of publication.
Research newsletters
Our newsletter summarizes internal and external publication contributions by Bank of Canada researchers.
Latest research
The reliance of Canadians on credit card debt as a predictor of financial stress
Staff Analytical Note 2024-18
Jia Qi Xiao
I analyze the relationship between carrying a credit card balance and future financial stress. I find that carrying a balance significantly increases the likelihood that credit card holders miss future debt payments. This likelihood tends to rise as credit card balances grow and are held for long periods.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff analytical notes
Topic(s):
Credit and credit aggregates,
Financial institutions,
Interest rates,
Recent economic and financial developments
JEL Code(s):
D,
D1,
E,
E4,
E5,
G,
G2,
G21
Could all-to-all trading improve liquidity in the Government of Canada bond market?
Staff Analytical Note 2024-17
Jabir Sandhu,
Rishi Vala
We find that on any given day, nearly half of Government of Canada bond transactions by clients of dealers can be offset with other clients, including during the turmoil in March 2020. Our results show that under certain conditions clients could potentially trade directly with each other and are a step towards understanding the relevance of broader all-to-all trading in the Government of Canada bond market.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff analytical notes
Topic(s):
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19),
Financial institutions,
Financial markets,
Financial stability,
Market structure and pricing
JEL Code(s):
D,
D4,
D47,
D5,
D53,
G,
G0,
G01,
G1,
G12,
G13,
G14,
G2,
G21,
G23
The Ecology of Automated Market Makers
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-12
Annetta Ho,
Cosmin Cazan,
Andrew Schrumm
This paper describes the ecology of automated market makers, which are the most popular decentralized exchange model for the pricing and trading of crypto assets within decentralized finance.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Digital currencies and fintech,
Financial markets,
Financial stability,
Financial system regulation and policies
JEL Code(s):
G,
G1,
G2
The Role of Public Money in the Digital Age
Staff Discussion Paper 2024-11
Francisco Rivadeneyra,
Scott Hendry,
Alejandro García
A well-functioning monetary system is characterized by public and private forms of money that exchange at par as value flows freely between them. A relevant retail public money—whether in the form of cash, a central bank digital currency or both—is a necessary component of such a monetary system.
Content Type(s):
Staff research,
Staff discussion papers
Topic(s):
Central bank research,
Digital currencies and fintech,
Payment clearing and settlement systems
JEL Code(s):
E,
E4,
E42,
E5,
E50,
E58