Posts

• Liquidation Mechanisms and Price Impacts in DeFi

  Staff Working Paper 2025-12 Phoebe Tian, Yu Zhu

  This paper theoretically and empirically examines the price impacts of liquidations in DeFi and how different liquidation mechanisms affect the price impacts.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Research Topic(s): Digital currencies and fintech JEL Code(s): D, D4, D44, D47, G, G2, G20, G3, G33

• The Mutable Geography of Firms’ International Trade

  Staff Working Paper 2025-11 Lu Han

  Exporters frequently change their market destinations. This paper introduces a new approach to identifying the drivers of these decisions over time. Analysis of customs data from China and the UK shows most changes are driven by demand rather than supply-related shocks.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Research Topic(s): Economic models, Firm dynamics, International topics, Trade integration JEL Code(s): F, F1, F12, F14, L, L1, L11

• Low Response Rate from Merchants? Sample and Ask Consumers! An Application of Indirect Sampling Under a Consumer-Merchant Bipartite Network

  Technical Report No. 126 Heng Chen, Joy Wu

  Under the consumer-merchant bipartite network, we apply the indirect sampling approach to estimate merchant payment acceptance through a consumer payment diary.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Technical reports Research Topic(s): Bank notes, Econometric and statistical methods JEL Code(s): C, C8, C80, C83, E, E5

• Estimating Discrete Choice Demand Models with Sparse Market-Product Shocks

  Staff Working Paper 2025-10 Zhentong Lu, Kenichi Shimizu

  We propose a novel approach to estimating consumer demand for differentiated products. We eliminate the need for instrumental variables by assuming demand shocks are sparse. Our empirical applications reveal strong evidence of sparsity in real-world datasets.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Research Topic(s): Econometric and statistical methods, Market structure and pricing JEL Code(s): C, C1, C3, D, D1, L, L0, L00

• Risk-Free Uncollateralized Lending in Decentralized Markets: An Introduction to Flash Loans

  Staff Discussion Paper 2025-6 Jack Mandin

  A flash loan is a special type of uncollateralized loan with zero default risk. I document the use for flash loans across major blockchains that are Ethereum-Virtual-Machine-compatible. Flash loans expand access to liquidity, and highly sophisticated actors use them for many practical applications.

  Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff discussion papers Research Topic(s): Digital currencies and fintech, Financial markets JEL Code(s): G, G0, G1, G2
• March 21, 2025

  Administrative monetary penalties

  This supervisory policy provides an overview of the Bank of Canada’s administrative monetary penalties (AMPs) regime and how the Bank determines administrative monetary penalty amounts.

  Content Type(s): Retail payments supervision materials, Supervisory policies Research Topic(s): Enforcement, Registration
• March 20, 2025

  Speech by Tiff Macklem, Governor of the Bank of Canada

  On Thursday, March 20, 2025, Tiff Macklem, Governor of the Bank of Canada, will speak before Calgary Economic Development.

  Content Type(s): Press, Media advisories
• March 20, 2025

  Navigating tariff uncertainty

  Remarks Tiff Macklem Calgary Economic Development Calgary, Alberta

  Governor Tiff Macklem discusses how the US trade conflict and uncertainty is hurting business and consumer confidence. He also outlines what the Bank is doing to ensure the trade conflict doesn’t cause widespread or persistent inflation.

  Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances Research Topic(s): Inflation and prices, International topics, Monetary policy and uncertainty, Recent economic and financial developments, Regional economic developments, Trade integration
• March 20, 2025

  Tariffs and trade uncertainty are hurting the Canadian economy

  Speech summary Tiff Macklem Calgary Economic Development Calgary, Alberta

  Governor Tiff Macklem discusses how uncertainty about the trade war with the United States has shaken businesses and consumer confidence. He also reiterates that the Bank of Canada must ensure that high prices from tariffs do not lead to ongoing inflation.

  Content Type(s): Press, Speeches and appearances, Speech summaries Research Topic(s): Inflation and prices, International topics, Monetary policy and uncertainty, Recent economic and financial developments, Regional economic developments, Trade integration
• March 19, 2025

  Bank of Canada to publish additional metrics to enhance CORRA transparency

  Beginning on March 19, 2025, the Bank of Canada will publish the weighted average mean and mode of the daily Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA) distribution alongside the existing CORRA benchmark rate, which is based on the median.

  Content Type(s): Press, Market notices