Labour markets
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Income Inequality in Canada
Data show that income inequality in Canada increased substantially during the 1980s and first half of the 1990s but has been relatively stable over the past 25 years. This increase was felt mainly by low-income earners and younger people, while older people benefited from higher retirement income. -
July 4, 2022
Household differences and why they matter
Differences in income, wealth and debt across households are important—for the economy, for the health of the financial system and for monetary policy. -
May 12, 2022
The perfect storm
Deputy Governor Toni Gravelle discusses the commodity price shock and its implications for the Canadian economy and monetary policy. -
May 12, 2022
How commodity prices affect our economy
Deputy Governor Toni Gravelle talks about the spike in commodity prices over the past two years, the impact on inflation and how the Bank of Canada is responding. -
Potential output and the neutral rate in Canada: 2022 reassessment
We expect potential output growth to be lower in 2021 than anticipated in the April 2021 assessment. By 2025, growth is expected to reach 2.3%. We assess that the Canadian nominal neutral rate increased slightly to lie in the range of 2.00% to 3.00%. -
Benchmarks for assessing labour market health
We propose a range of benchmarks for assessing labour market strength for monetary policy. This work builds on a previous framework that considers how diverse and segmented the labour market is. We apply these benchmarks to the Canadian labour market and find that it has more than recovered from the COVID-19 shock. -
What COVID-19 May Leave Behind: Technology-Related Job Postings in Canada
COVID-19 affects technology adoption: online job postings for technology-related occupations fall less during pandemic lockdowns and pick up faster during reopenings than postings for more traditional occupations. -
Contribution of Human Capital Accumulation to Canadian Economic Growth
This paper quantifies the contribution of human capital accumulation to the growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) in Canada. -
March 25, 2022
A world of difference: Households, the pandemic and monetary policy
Bank of Canada Deputy Governor Sharon Kozicki discusses how differences among households affect economic outcomes, how shocks can have important uneven effects across households, and why these things matter for monetary policy.
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